This site is maintained by Erez Kaplan (calmach@shani.net), thirty five years old engineer for the Scitex Corporation in Israel. It is a home page for calculating machines which contains information on adding a nd calculating machines, pictures of them, and comments also on their history, starting from the time of the abacus and the slide rule. This site is particularly useful to those looking for brief descriptions of early calculating machines, the predecesso rs of the modern computer which hold an integral place in Computer history.

This site is maintained by Ken Polsson (ken.polsson@bbc.org), a computer programmer working for the Research branch of the British Columbia Ministry of Forests in modelling how forests grow. It is an attempt to show the relative time products were released by giving a chronological list of product announcements and delivery dates from various sources, mainly computer magazines and newspapers.

The list starts at 1926 and continues till the present, showing the date of product releases and offering also links to the various organizations it refers to. For instance, if the user scrolls down to 1953 April, they will see that around this time IBM. unveiled the Defense Calculator, its first computer. Selecting IBM, conveniently takes the user to the IBM home page. For another example, if the user scolls down to 1976 March they will find that Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs finished work on a computer circuit board they called the Apple I Computer, and in addition to this, see pictures (in GIF format) of Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and their Apple I computer. It must be noted that this is not just one page but is site divided into 8 periods of time as listed below:

(1926 - 1970)
(1971 - 1976)
(1977 - 1980)
(1981 - 1982)
(1983 - 1985)
(1986 - 1989)
(1990 - 1992)
(1993 - 1994)
(1995 - 1998)

This is a very interesting site, one of the more fun sites documented on this page. It is maintained by CompuNerd Incorporated, who through use of fair pricing, honest practises, and an "open door" policy of helping others access the net at the level which makes sense for them, are dedicated to preventing any one group from gaining control of the net in the US. or any where else.

This site is from an interactive CD which adequately explain s its nature. The site is made up of a series of pages that go automatically one after the other like slides, bringing you from one topic to the next. Time is allowed for the viewer to read each page before it goes on to the next slide. The series starts out with a title page showing the respective topics that the series will cover. It then goes on to talk about drums telling how tribes in Africa have been using them for communication. The series goes from topic to topic, ending at Computer Communications. The topics covered include Early Communication, The Pony Express , Telegraphs, Telephones, Radio, and Television.

This web site is a very comprehensive one, maintained by Hans B. Pufal (hansp@plato.digiweb .com), that brings the user to a huge list of digital machines. The list is separated into four groups by chronology:

Clicking on any one these takes the user to a huge list of digital machines from that category. For instance, clicking on Machines dated before 1960 takes one to a list that starts with one of Konrad Zuse's computers. Pointing and clicking on this machine gives a brief description of that machine and its inventor. This site also lists various organizations connected to its list of digital machines. This in itself, is also a large list constructed with an alphabetical index which links one to the various organizations. For example, one can click on Organizations then in the alphabetical index select C, and scroll down to Cray Research Inc., which gives the user a link to a different URL that deals with this organization.

The CCC page also provides a list of sources which themselves take you to other web sites, such as if one points and clicks on sources and scrolls down to AFT - The Amiga Family Tree , one can jump from there to the Web page An Amiga Family Tree. For the user's benefit this site is also very user friendly in that it offers several icons that can be reached from any of its pages for specialized functions. For example, clicking on the Find icon takes you to the CCC's search facility where one can do a search of the CCC's database. Likewise each icon has a specific function to make browsing a little easier.

This site is the initiation of a collection of materials related to the history of computing as collected and written by J.A.N. Lee (janlee@cs.vt.edu), currently Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Annals of the History of the History of Computing, and the past chair of the IEEE Computer Society History of Computing Committee.

This page outlines the major topics of presentation in each of the episodes of the video series The Machine That Changed The World which was produced by WGBH Television in Boston MA, in cooperation with the British Broadcasting Corporation with ACM, NSF and UNISYS. An example of the type of information you will find at this site can be shown if one scrolls down to the first topic, that is Charles Babbage, of Episode I- Great Brains. This selection takes one to a drawing of Charles Babbage, as well as biographical information on him and his part in the heritage of computers. The location http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/index.html is also a good site related to computers, done also by J.A.N. Lee. It is documented here under The History of Computing.

This site is maintained by the Computer History Association of California (CHAC) which is a non-profit corporation established in 1993 to serve six major purposes:

To find out more about the CHAC and its purposes visit here In summary this site offers a chance to see their collection, subscribe to the Analytical Engine, view a list of organizations and periodicals devoted to the history of computing in the US., Canada, the UK., and Australia, and even allows users the ability to give their opinions of the page. This site simply fulfills all the six purposes laid out for it.

Jones Digital Century maintains this site to promote the Jones MultiMedia Encyclopedia, an interactive CD-ROM. To find out more about the CD visit http://www.digitalCentury.com/encyclo /cdrom/index.html

This site divides computer history into its five respective generations and a section before them called Early Computing Machines and Inventors that starts with the Abacus. Th is page lays out the history of computing providing links to other pages. For instance, clicking on International business Machine takes one to the IBM home page or clicking on the abacus takes one to a picture (in GIF format) of an abacus. At the end of the page is a section entitled Related Resources that provides links to other sites related to the history of computers.

This site is maintained by the US Army Research Laboratory. It is an Ftp site with no restrictions on the files one can retrieve. This site contains a collection of information about the history of computing as assembled by Mike Muuss (mike@arl.mil) for public knowledge. Mike Muuss is the architect of the BRL-CAD (a massive third generation constructive solid geometry system for co mputer aided design) and the author of Ping (a thousand line hack). His web page is at http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/ This site contains a number of items :

This site is maintained by the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) through 18 years old Harold Rogers (rogershh@aol.com). It includes some of the history of computers that is often left out from normal texts and databases such as that of Germany's Konrad Zuse and the Z1 - Z4 computers. It also includes information on the first computers at the Los Alamos Lab, the computers of the 60's and 70's such as the IBM 7033 or the CDC 6600, and talks of the development of the Cray 1 super computer, its predecessors CRAY XMP and YMP, as well as those of today.

This page is maintained by the Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum Fur Informationstechnik Berlin (ZIB) (surname@zib-berlin.de) which is a university research institute of the state of Berlin in Germany operating in the fiel d of information technology. It was founded in 1984 and maintains a home page at http://www.zib-berlin.de/prospect/prospect.html. To reach this page you have to work your way from the URL http://www.zib-berlin.de/ by selecting the following:Zib Leaflet, followed by Konrad Zuse and then Konrad Zuse again.

The site is a chronological view of Konrad Zuse's (noted German inventor and figure of computer history) life, starting at his birth till his death which is quite recent. This site also contains a link to a page only on his death.

This is a site maintained as a part of The ADA Project (TAP), whose purpose is to provide links to sites on the web pertaining to women in computing. It is maintained by Elisabeth Freeman (bfreeman@teddy.systemsy.cs.yale. edu), and Susanne C. Hupfer (hupfer-susanne@cs.yale.edu), graduate students of the Yale University department of Computer Science.

The above URL takes the user to a point on the Smithsonian Computing History page (maintained by the Smithsonian Institute) entitled Oral/Video Histories. Oral/Video Histories is a collection of memoirs and interviews of some of the historical and influential figures in computing. Under this topic one will find very detailed information such as an interview by David Allison with J. Presper Eckert, the chief engineer of the ENIAC computer. This includes background information on J.P. Eckert, and information on various parts and ideas contained in the ENIAC, such as its Origins of Computer Subroutines, its Flip-Flop Memory, etc. This interview even tells how the name ENIAC came about.

Several other interviews are offered, interviews with Seymor Cray, and even Bill Gates. These interviews are very detailed and enor mous sites of information, all under the topic of Oral/Video Histories. Other spots on the overall Smithsonian Computing History page lead to information on the Smithsonian Institute, its original press release of the ENIAC computer of February 16, 1946 which can be viewed by A dobe Acrobat Software which the page also offers you.

This site is maintained by Jonathan Bowen (J.P.Bowen@reading.ac.uk), who was a senior researcher at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (OUCL). This site offers a whole host of links to computer rel ated info under the topics:

Clicking on any of the above will lead you to their respective positions on the very same page. This site is not focused on one area of computers or computing history but offers links to a variety of web sites that are rooted in computing information and history.

This site is of the Yahoo net directory located at http://www.yahoo.com/ This site provides links to places on the web dealing with the history of computers and related topics. It includes links to sites as Internet's History, Mechanical Calculating Machines, Charles Babbage Institute, and the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing etc.

This site is maintained by John A. N. Lee (janlee@cs.vt.edu), a professor at Virginia Tech, editor in chief of the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, and a civil engineer. For more information on J.A.N. Lee visit his home page at http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~janlee/Janlee.html

This site was originally constructed to aid students at Virginia Tech in the course Professionalism in Computing. The site contains a vast alphabetically ordered list of topics, pictures, persons, and links to other related web sites, for instance, pictures of Ch arles Babbage can be seen and a brief biography is there for users to read. The huge index is particularly useful if users take advantage of the Find...Search option of Web browsers such as to locate any information they are looking for.