1	The Computer Industry Year by Year Thomas J. Bergin ©Computer History Museum American University
2	"As Time Goes By" DATAMATION, Volume 28, Number 10 (September 1982), pp. 65-124 DATAMATION is 25! For a quarter of a century, DATAMATION's pages have reflected the ups and downs of companies, people, techniques, and trends in the most dynamic, changeable industry this world has ever seen. What our time line represents is a 300-issue trek through the mists of the '50s, memories of the '60s, and miasma of the '70s.
3	1957 Control Data Corp. is formed by ex-Univac executive William Morris Digital Equipment Corp. is founded by MIT's Kenneth Olsen Fairchild Semiconductors Corp. is established by Fairchild Camera IBM announces that revenues hit $700 million April 20th, first user-written FORTRAN program runs at Westinghouse-Bettis (run 1 is a missing comma diagnostic; run 2 runs!)
4	1958 Philco creates a new computer division. The first NCR computer, the 304, is ordered. New products announced include: Stromberg-Carleson 5000: a 4680 lpm printer Calcomp 650 X Y Recorder (drum plotter) Honeywell Datamatic 1000 computer -- 40 tons Dr. William Shockley announces the transistor diode Philco Transac S-2000 Texas Instruments develops the first integrated circuit, the TI oscillator
5	1959 General Electric installs ERMA, demand deposit (checking) accounting system for Bank of America Computer Sciences Corp. formed International Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) is formed Hitachi, Nippon Electric and Oki Electric unveil computer entries in Japan DEC PDP-1 COBOL in development; LISP in use
6	1960 Lockheed designs real-time manufacturing system International Standards Organization forms Technical Committee 97: Digital Computers and Data Processing Machines Royal-McBee installs 400th LGP 30 UNIVAC III with COBOL ALGOL 60 which inspires much theoretical work in programming languages is published
7	1961 Datamation's market share guesses: IBM 81.2% Remington Rand 6.6% RCA 3.1 % NCR, Burroughs, Philco, CDC, Bendix, Honeywell, Royal-McBee, Packard Bell, Monroe and ALWAC New Groups:Association of Data Processing Service Organizations (ADAPSO), European Computer Manufacturers Association, American Federation of Information Processing Societies, and Business Equipment Manufacturers Assn. 60,000+ full-time programmers and operators Bell Labs: first use of a computer to design another computer
8	1962 Top management shake-ups at: RCA, Philco, RemRand, Bendix, Packard Bell, Ramo Wooldridge and Royal-McBee New Companies: Electronic Data Systems, Recognition Equipment Inc., and Boothe Leasing Corporation Social Security network links 600 offices IEEE: industry's first $1 billion year Over 10,000 CPUs worldwide; 9,337 in US Rand does first work on packet switching
9	1963 American Airlines SABRE system CDC buys Bendix Computers Division ASCII becomes official standard Atlas at Manchester University in the UK communicates over 10,000 miles to Melbourne University in Australia Honeywell 200 (Liberator) runs IBM 1401 code One thousand school districts and 400 colleges are using DP
10	1964 Forty-five new machines are announced including the IBM System/360 RCA announces the Spectra Family of "nearly compatible" computers GE acquires Compagnie Machines Bull (French) and Olivetti Computers (Italy) Japan moves to number 2 spot with 2000 computers DOD's AUTODIN is worlds largest digital data network
11	1965 "The smart money…is on GE and RCA." CDC buys Librascope Division New timesharing services abound: ITT, Pillsbury, Keydata, Mednet, Tymshare Associates, and Comshare DEC ships 7,000th PDP-8 NCR ships 1,000th computer Between 1965 and 1969, more than 4,000 companies are established in DP, lasers, communications, integrated circuits, and automatic control businesses
12	1966 United Airlines chooses Univac for advanced $39 million "everything: system (that will not work) TWA chooses Burroughs for its $25 million version (that won't work either) GE's losses put at over $400 million Hewlett-Packard enters the computer business First automated credit bureau, Credit Data Corp. Federal government reports 2,623 computers in use, 1,967 in the Defense Department
13	1967 Computer Lessons Association is formed, visits Justice Dept. to complain about IBM First software package distributor, Computer Resources Corp. is formed by Robert Head Reservation systems proliferate: CSC's Computicket, Ticketron, and Ticket Reservation Systems (only Ticketron survives) Fairchild delivers first ROMs (16 X 4 bit) IBM delivers trillion bit photo memory to Lawrence Radiation Laboratories